A series of techniques have been presented for handling and studying the problem of non-insertable DUTs. Adapter removal is a 2-calibration technique for removing the effects of an adapter from a given calibration setup (e.g., when the DUT has one coax port and one waveguide port). Network extraction is somewhat more separable in that it tries to extract the S-parameters of the complicating adapter/fixture so that it can be de-embedded later. Seven different types of extraction (with a number of sub-types with different standards or with localization techniques) were presented with various trade-offs in calibration complexity, simplicity, and uncertainty. A modeling-based extraction technique using sequential localization or peeling was also presented.

Although not specifically part of network extraction, sometimes trace math (Data, Memory Math on the Display | View Trace menu) is used for normalization and other forms of pseudo-de-embedding. The ability to save memory data is covered elsewhere in this guide, but an additional tool to help is the ability to save math-modified data to .sNp files. This selection is available in the sNp Setup dialog (see System | Setup | Misc Setup | SNP Files Setup). When Save Trace Math is selected and one or more traces have trace math turned on, the modified data for the parameters with math applied will be saved to the .sNp file. This can be useful for saving normalized results. If trace math is not applied for every parameter (which would only happen for a .s4p file if 16 traces were active and all had trace math applied and each trace had a different S-parameter), the unmodified data for the uncovered parameters will be saved instead.