The signal received by the measuring instrument passes through the measurement filter. Next, the signal is demodulated and the bit string of the transmission signal is generated. A symbol data string is generated through symbol mapping from the generated bit string. The symbol data string is then passed through the reference filter, and the resulting signal is used as the reference signal. The difference between the received signal that has passed through the measurement filter and the reference signal is used to calculate the modulation analysis result's EVM, Phase Error, and Magnitude Error. The Measurement and Reference Filter Settings are shown in Table: Measurement and Reference Filter Settings.

The Measurement and Reference Filter block diagram is shown in Figure: Measurement Block Diagram.